Inama yi Yeruzalemu: Urufunguzo rwo kwemerwa mu Itorero kw’abanyamahanga hatabayeho gutakaza umuco wabo

 

Iriburiro

Uyu munsi ku rubuga Dusome Bibiliya turasoza gusoma igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa tumaze iminsi turi gusoma. Kimwe n’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Luka, igitabo cy’Ibakozwe n’Intumwa cyanditswe na Luka. Iki gitabo kigaragaza amateka y’Itorero rya mbere, ubuzima abizera ba mbere babayemo, uko ubutumwa bwiza bwagutse bukava I Yerusalemu bugakwira hirya no hino muri Aziya, Afurika n'Uburayi. Nubwo hari benshi bavuga muri iki gitabo cy’Ibakozwe n’intumwa kuva ku gice cya mbere kugera ku cya cumi na gatanu Petero niwe uvugwa cyane. Kuva ku gice cya cumi na gatanu kugeza ku gice cya makumwabiri n’umunani aho iki gitabo kirangirira Pawulo niwe uvugwa cyane. Mu butumwa bwinshi twabonye muri iki gitabo, uyu munsi nifuje ku basangiza ubutumwa bukubiye mu gice cya 15, ahavugwa inama yabereye I Yeruzalemu.

1.      Akarengane no gukwira ku butumwa bwiza bwa Yesu

Ururimi ni umuyoboro usakaza umuco. Ururimi kavukire rwa bantu kandi ni inzira igana ku mutima, kumarangamutima yabo. Ku munsi wa pantekote ubwo abantu bumvaga ubutumwa buvugwa mu indimi z’ I wabo kavukire baratangaye, yewe bakeka ko abavuga basinze. Ariko Petero niko kubasobanurira ibibaye. Mu ijambo rye rirerire, Petero ku munsi wa pentekote yatangiye, asobanura ibyabaye. Iyo ukurikiranye ijambo rya Petero mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa 2, tubona ku murongo wa 39, yagaragaje ko isezerano ryari ary’Abisireyeli, abana babo, abari kure bose n’abazahamagarwa n’Umwami bose, muri make isezerano ryari ry’abantu bose.  Mu Itangiriro (12: 1-53), igihe Imana yahamagaye Aburamu yamubwiye ko ishyanga rinini  rizamukomokaho kandi ko amahanga yose azahabwa umugisha binyuze muri we. Ariko igihe cy'umigisha kigeze, abakomoka kuri Aburahamu mu buryo butaziguye aribo Bisirayeli  ntibari biteguye gusangira umigisha n’abandi. Muri Matayo 28:18-20, Yesu yatanze inshingano nkuru yo kujya mu mahanga yose guhindurira abantu kuba abigishwa. Ariko siko byahise bigenda kuko abigishwa be bigumiye I Yerusalemu, baba hamwe basangira ibyabo. Andrew F. Walls agaragaza  ko binyuze mu gutotezwa guhera kuri Sitefano ari bwo Abayahudi bari barizeye Yesu Kristo batangiye kuva i Yeruzalemu, ariko nohanze ya Yeruzalemu bakomeje kubwira ubutumwa bwiza Abayahudi bo muri Diaspora (Ibyakozwe 11:19).[1] Icyakora, muri bo niho hasohotse uburyo bushya bwo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu nka Mesiya ku banyamahanga (Ibyakozwe 11:20). Ubwo yandikaga  kuri iri tsinda rya bantu batangiye kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo abanyamahanga muri Antiyokiya, Walls yerekana ko:

They presented Jesus as Lord, Kyrios. It was a word that Jews could use readily enough of the Messiah; Peter speaks to a Jewish audience of Jesus being made “both Lord and Messiah” (Acts 2:36). But the believers must have known that in Antioch “Lord” was the title of cult divinities like Sarapis. And perhaps by this means Greek pagans could get their first inkling of who Jesus is by hearing of him as the divine lord, Kyrios Iesous, just as other devotees addressed Kyrios Sarapis.[2]

[Berekanye Yesu nk'Umwami, ‘Kyrios’. Ryari ijambo Abayahudi bashoboraga gukoresha byoroshye bavuga Mesiya; Petero yavuganye  n'Abayahudi agaragaza Yesu nk “Umwami na Mesiya” (Ibyakozwe 2:36). Ariko abizera bagomba kuba bari bazi ko muri Antiyokiya ko ‘Lord’"Mwami" yari inyito z'imana nka Sarapisi. Kandi ko aribwo buryo  abapagani b'Abagereki bashoboraga kumvu Yesu mu buryo bw’imyemerere nka ‘Kyrios Iesous’ [bivuze Umwami Yesu], nk’uko abayoboke ba Sarapis bavugaga ‘Kyrios Sarapis’ [bivuze umwami Sarapis].]

Walls akomeza agaragaza ko ubu buryo bwo kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza burenga imbibi z’umuco umwe ‘cross-cultural’ bwa tumye abanyamahanga benshi bizera bayoboka ubukristo, kandi bikerekana itangira ry'umurimo w'ubumisiyonari w'Itorero rya mbere. Ubu buryo bwo kutarebera Yesu mu indorerwamo y’umuco wa Bayahudi gusa, ahubwo hakabaho kureba mu muco w’abagiye kubwirwa ubutumwa inyito cyangwa ishusho ishobora gufasha mu gutambutsa ubutumwa, bwagiriye akamaro Abayahudi bavugaga ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo n’abo babubwiraga. Ku Bayahudi habayeho kumenya ko Yesu ataje ngo bamwamamaze nk’umuyahudi ahubwo ko yaje ari Mesiya wa bose, bityo ko bishoboka ko no mu yindi mico babonamo ibimuranga, cyane ko ari Imana yahozeho, iriho kandi izahoraho. Ku banyamahanga byari byoroshye kumva ibya Yesu bahereye kubyo basanzwe bazi. Iteka guhita umuntu yumva ibintu bishya biragorana, ariko iyo habayeho ingero zisanzwe zizwi bifasha uri kubwirwa ubutumwa kumva. Nibyo ingero cyangwa amashusho agaragaraza Yesu siko yose atuma abantu bahita bumva uwo ariwe, ariko nibyiza kuzirikana gushaka ‘point of contact’, icyo guheraho abantu bazi cyagufasha kubabwira ibya Yesu.  Ubu buryo Pawulo nawe yarabukoresheje ubwo yageraga muri Atenayi, ni ko kubabwira ati, “ Ubwo nagendagendaga nitegereza ibyo musenga, nasanze igicaniro cyanditsweho ngo ‘ ICY’IMANA ITAMENYWA.’ Nuko iyo musenga mutayizi ni yo mbabwira.” Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 17:23. Nta gihe na  kimwe abantu babayeho badafite ubumenyi ku Mana, kenshi ubwo bumenyi bwacu abantu buba ari buke, bufite aho bugarukira, icyazanye Kristo kwari ukugirango tumenye neza Imana kandi mu buryo bwuzuye. Pawulo ageze muri Atenayi ntabwo yahise atangira kubwiza ngo ‘mwabatazi Imana mwe ni mwumve,’ oya ahubwo nubwo basengaga imana nyinshi bari bafite n’igicaniro cy’Imana itamenywa. Iyo izindi mana bizeraga zabaga zananiwe bahindukiriraga Imana itamenywa bakayiyambaza. Aha Pawulo yahereye kubyo bazi aherako ababwira ibya Yesu. 

Kera Abanyarwanda iyo baraguzaga, bagaterekera, bakabandwa ikibazo ntigikemuke, baravugaga ngo ‘NAHIMANA.’  Bivuze ko nabo bari bazi neza ko ibinaniranye biharirwa Imana. Iyo abantu bafite bene iyi myumvire biba byoroshye kubabwiriza ibya Kristo, aho kubafata nk’abantu badafite icyo bazi ku Mana, uba ufite ibyo waheraho mubyo bizera ubasobanurira ibya Yesu. John Mbiti yaravuze ngo 'the missionaries did not bring Jesus in Africa, Jesus brought them in Africa.’ Bivuze ngo ‘Abamisiyoneri ntabwo bazanye Yesu muri Afurika, ahubwo Yesu ni we wabazanye muri Afurika.’ Ibi yabivugiye ko abantu benshi bafata ko ubukristo bwazanywa muri Afurika n’abamisiyoneri ba bera bibwira ko aribwo Yesu yari ageze muri Afurika. Ariko ibyo byaba ari ukwirengagiza ko Yesu ari Imana yahozeho, bityo ko yabanjirije abamisiyoneri muri Afurika. Iyo uvuze ko Yesu yazanywe n’abamisiyoneri ba bera, icyo gihe uba uvuga ko Yesu atahozeho, ko ari nka za mana abantu bagendana mu bikapu cyangwa mu mifuka yabo, ko yageze muri Afurika ari uko abera bahageze. Ibi sibyo yewe ni ubuyobe, kuko ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana butwereka ko Jambo yahozeho kandi ko byose ariwe wa biremye. Bivuze ko igihe tubwira abantu ubutumwa bwiza, nibyiza kuzirikana ko hari icyo bazi ku Mana; cyane ko Imana iberahose icyarimwe, iba iri aho turi cyangwa aho tugiye mbere yuko twe tuhagera.  Bigirumwami Aloys niwe wabivuze neza ko hariho ‘Imana ya bantu ni Mana mu bantu.’ Imana ya bantu izwi na bose, ariko ni bake bahishurirwa ko Imana yigize umuntu ikaza kwihishurira abantu, ibereka ko bishoboka ko yaba muri bo. Ubutumwa bwiza si ukubwira abantu Imana, ni ukubwira abantu ukwigira umuntu kw’Imana icyo byatuzaniye (AGAKIZA). Ingingo nyamukuru aha ni uko dusabwa kutajyana ubutumwa bwiza uko twe dushaka, ahubwo ko hakwiye kubaho kuyoborwa n’Umwuka w’Imana, kugira ubwenge n’ubumenyi cyane igihe tubwiriza abo tudahuje umuco, tuzirikana ko mu muco wabo hari ibiranga Imana twaheraho tubabwira ibya Yesu Kristo.

2.      Inama yi Yerusalemu ni cyo ivuze kubizera Yesu bose (Ibyak. 15)

Dukomeje mu rugendo rwo kubwiriza abanyamahanga ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo, Abayahudi bamwe ntabwo bishimiye uburyo bushya bwo kwakira abanyamahanga mu Itorero batabanje kunyura mu kubahiriza imigenzo y’Abayahudi  n’amategeko  ya Mose. Bityo uburyo bushya bwo kubona Yesu binyuze mu muco w'abanyamahanga kugira ngo babashe guhinduka bakire Yesu, bwarwanyijwe n'Abayahudi bamwe na bamwe bumvaga ko  abanyamahanga bagombaga kunyura mu nzira yo guhindurwa abanyedini bagendera ku muco n’imigenzo ya bayahudi ‘Proselytes’  mbere yo kwemerwa. Ikibazo cyari uko abantu bamwe bo muri Yudaya bigishaga ko ‘Hatabayeho gukebwa nk’uko umugenzo wa Mose uri, abantu batabasha gukizwa’ (Ibyakozwe 15: 1). Ibi byateje impaka kuko Pawulo na Barinaba bagiye impaka nabo (Ibyakozwe 15: 2). Kuri bamwe mu Bayahudi kugira ngo umuntu akizwe yagombaga kunyura mu nzira ya ‘proselytization’, guhindurwa umuyahudi binyuze mu migenzo yo gukebwa, kubatizwa, muri make kubahiriza imigenzo n’amategeko.  Pawulo na barinaba bo siko bumvaga ibintu, kuribo kwizera Yesu gusa ni yo yari inzira yo gukizwa. Ibi byatumye habaho impaka mu Itorero bityo habaho ko abagize Itorero bohereza impande zombi kujya I Yeruzalemu aho izindi ntumwa zari ziri kugirango ikibazo gikemuke bakiganiyeho.

Itorero ryiyemeje kohereza Pawulo, Barinaba n'abandi bizera i Yerusalemu kureba Intumwa n'abakuru kuri icyo kibazo. Intumwa n'abakuru b'i Yerusalemu bayobowe na Yakobo umuvandimwe wa Yesu wayoboraga Itorero ry’I Yeruzalemu bagombaga kuganira bagatanga igisubizo niba gukizwa bisaba ko umuntu abanza kubahiriza imigenzo n’amategeko ya Mose, cyangwa niba ari ukwizera Yesu Kristo gusa. Nyuma yo kubwira Intumwa n'abakuru ikibazo, Petero niwe wabanje kuvuga  yerekana ko Umwami yahisemo abanyamahanga nk’uko yahisemo Abayisirayeli. Petero yibukije abantu ko ‘Imana itashyizeho itandukaniro hagati y’Abisireyeli n’abanyamahanga’ (v.9), akomeza avuga ati “ Ahubwo twizera yuko ubuntu bw’Umwami Yesu ari bwo buzadukiza, nk’uko nabo bazakizwa na bwo.’ (v.11). Kuri Petero ntabwo imigenzo n’amategeko bya Mose ari byo byari bikwiye kwitegwaho agakiza, ahubwo ko ku Bisirayeli n’abanyamahanga akagiza kava kuri Yesu. Yakobo wari uyoboye inama y’amateka, nyuma yo kugaragaza ko ashyigikiye ibyo Petero yari amaze kuvuga, niko kuvuga, "Ntidukwiye kugora abanyamahanga bahindukirira Imana." Yakobo yasabye kubandikira no kubabwira icyo bagomba kwirinda (Ibyakozwe 15:18-20). Duhereye ku mwanzuro Yakobo yatanze  biragaragara ko Torah (ibitabo bitanu bya Mose) byari bikubiyemo amategeko byari bigifite imbaraga no mu bizeraga Yesu ba Bayuda. Bityo kuko hari abagikomeza ibya Mose, byari byiza ko Abayahudi bamenye ukuri n’abanyamahanga bitonda. Nubwo Abanyamahanga bari bemewe mu Itorero hatabanje kubaho gukebwa cyangwa kubahiriza imigenzo ya Bayahudi, bagombaga kureka ibihumanye, gusenga ibishushanyo, gusambana, ibinizwe, amaraso… muri make ntabwo bagombaga kumva ko kuba umukristo bivuze gukomeza kugendera mu migenzo mibi,  ahubwo bagombaga kureka ibyaha bakerera imbuto abari bagikomeye ku mategeko ya Mose yasomwaga mu masinagogi hirya no hino mu midugudu (Ibyak 15:20-21).

Iyi nama yabaye urufunguzo ryo kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu mu banyamahanga no kubazana mu Itorero batabanje gushyirwaho amananiza. Iyi nama yagaragaje ko nta muco wera ukwiye kuba ari wo ugenderwaho, ahubwo ko Abisireyeli n’abanyamahanga bose igikuraho ibyaha ki kazana agakiza ari ukwizera Yesu Kristo. Ni kubw’iyi nama uyu munsi umunyarwanda adakaneye gusomerwa Bibiliya mu giheburayo nk’ururimi rwonyine ijambo ry’Imana rikwiye kuba ryanditsemo. Ahubwo kuko indimi zose ari ibikoresho Imana ikoresha ngo abantu bumve ubutumwa bwiza, ijambo ry’Imana rihindurwa mu indimi zose kandi rigakomeza kugira umwimerere n’imbaraga zo gukora ku mitima ya bantu. Ni kubw’iyi nama uyu munsi tudafite umugi mu tagatifu, abakristo bategetswe gusura nibura rimwe mu mwaka ngo babe ari abakristo badasanzwe cyangwa bemewe. Ahubwo nk’uko Yesu yabivuze  asubiza umusamariyakazi ‘ Mugore, nyizera. Igihe kizaza, ubwo bazaba batagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa I Yerusalemu…. Ariko igihe kiraje ndetse kirasohoye, ubwo abasenga by’ukuri basenga Data mu Mwuka no mu kuri, kuko Data ashaka ko bene abo ari bo bamusenga.” (Yohana 4:21-23) Muri Kristo nta musozi wera kurusha iyindi, nta gihugu gitagatifu nka kwakundi uzumva abantu bavuga ngo ‘Isirayeli ni ubutaka butagatifu,’ oya aha Yesu yagaragaje ko aho abantu bari hose bakwiye guharanira gusenga mu Mwuka no mu kuri. Umusamariyakazi nawe yibishyaga ko hari aho abantu basengera Imana ikabumva kuruta ahandi, yewe agacira imanza Abayahudi bumva ko gusengera I Yerusalemu ariho Imana ibumva. Ariko Yesu we agaragaza ko igihe kigeze ko abantu bamwizera tadaheranwa n’ahantu runaka ahubwo ko aho bari hose basabwa  gusenga mu Mwuka no mu kuri. Umwuka w’Imana wahawe abantu bose bizera Yesu nta kurobanura, ukuri ni ijambo ry’Imana kandi ryahawe bose, bityo nibyiza ko dusobanukirwa abo turibo muri Yesu. Umunyarwanda, Umurundi, Umugande, Umunyaburayi cyangwa uwo muri Amerika, wizera Yesu ntabwo asabwa kureka ubwenegihugu bwe, cyangwa kureka kuba umwenegihugu,cyangwa kumva ko byanga bikunda agomba kujya muri Isirayeli kugirango abe ari umukristo wuzuye. Ahubwo icyo azirikana ni uko turi abenegihugu bigihe gito, ko aho tuzaba iteka ari mu ijuru. Bityo igihe gito dufite mu isi, aho turi reka duharanire ko abantu bamenya ko Yesu ari we gakiza bakaneye uko bari kose, aho bari hose ko abakunda kandi yiteguye kubakira mu bwami bwe. Zirikana kwirinda kwikoreza abantu imihango, imigenzo n’imiziririzo byawe, by’idini yawe, ahubwo ko icyo abantu bakaneye ari Yesu Kristo, bityo haranira kugeza abantu kuri Kristo ibindi azabyikorera.

Umusozo

Muri iki gice cya 15 cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, umwanzuro wafashwe ni nama yabereye I Yerusalemu wari ko abanyamahanga bakwiye kwemerwa muri Kristo hashingiwe ku buntu bwa Kristo gusa, hadashingiwe ku mategeko ya Mose n'imigenzo ya Bayahudi. Hariho Abakristo ba Bayuda bumvaga ko umunyamahanga agomba kubanza gukebwa (gusiramurwa) muri make kubahiriza imigenzo yose ya Bayuda. Ibi byari gutuma ubukristo bumera nka Islam, aho usanga uba ukwiye gufata imico ya barabu, uko bambara, uko barya, ururimi rwabo, yewe no kujya I Maka kugirango ube wemewe. Imana ishimwe ko kwakira Yesu Kristo bihagije ko umuntu aba umwana w'Imana. Reka nk'uko intumwa zabivuze dushyire imbere kwirinda ibyaha niba twarakiriye Yesu mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukomeze kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza tuzirikana ko bidasaba ko umuntu areka umuco we, cyangwa amira imico ya bandi ngo ni uko abaye umukristo. Wakijijwe uri umunyarwanda, komera ku bunyarwanda, wakijijwe uri umurundi komeza ube umurundi, umuco w’abantu ntabwo ari mu bi 100/100, ugizwe n’ibyiza n’ibibi. Umukristo arangwa no gukomera kubyiza, ibibi akabireka. 

Imana ibahe umugisha.  

Kubwimana Joel, Umupasitori, Umwanditsi n’Umwarimu

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[1] Andrew Walls, ‘Converts or Proselytes? The Crisis over Conversion in the Early Church’, in International Bulletin of Missionary Research, vol.28, No.1, (January 2004), pp. 2-7 (4).

[2] Walls, ‘Converts or Proselytes’, p. 4.